Brutus interpreted "mother" to mean the Earth, so he pretended to trip and kissed the ground.īrutus, along with Spurius Lucretius Tricipitinus, Publius Valerius Publicola, and Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus were summoned by Lucretia to Collatia after she had been raped by Sextus Tarquinius, the son of the king Tarquinius Superbus. The Oracle responded the next person to kiss his mother would become king. The sons asked the oracle who would be the next ruler of Rome. He accompanied Tarquin's sons on a trip to the Oracle of Delphi. Brutus avoided the distrust of Tarquin's family by feigning slow-wittedness (in Latin brutus translates to dullard). The account is from Livy's Ab urbe condita and deals with a point in the history of Rome prior to reliable historical records (virtually all prior records were destroyed by the Gauls when they sacked Rome under Brennus in 390 BC or 387 BC).īrutus was the son of Tarquinia, daughter of Rome's fifth king Lucius Tarquinius Priscus and sister to Rome's seventh king Tarquinius Superbus.Īccording to Livy, Brutus had a number of grievances against his uncle the king, amongst them was the fact that Tarquin had put to death a number of the chief men of Rome, including Brutus' brother. Brutus led the revolt that overthrew the last king, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, after the rape of the noblewoman (and kinswoman of Brutus) Lucretia at the hands of Tarquin's son Sextus Tarquinius. Prior to the establishment of the Roman Republic, Rome had been ruled by kings. He was claimed as an ancestor of the Roman gens Junia, including Decimus Junius Brutus and Marcus Junius Brutus, the most famous of Julius Caesar's assassins. All rights reserved.Lucius Junius Brutus (/ˈluːʃiəs, -ʃəs, ˈdʒuːnjəs ˈbruːtəs/) was the founder of the Roman Republic and traditionally one of the first consuls in 509 BC. Copyright © 2023, Columbia University Press. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. The history of the Tarquins was probably distorted by anti-Etruscan propaganda among the Romans, who resented the Etruscan overlords dominant in Rome from the 8th to the 6th cent. While scholars have tended to reject the entire Tarquin legend, some have recently begun to accept a tentative and modified account of the story. Porsena did not restore the Tarquin monarchy, and, although Rome was seriously weakened, Etruscan supremacy there was at an end. The two sons of Lucius Junius Brutus (see under Brutus), in opposition to the policy of their father, headed a conspiracy within Rome to restore Tarquin, but it failed. An army under Lars Porsena marched against the Romans, and Rome (contrary to Roman historical accounts) was forced to surrender and to yield a large amount of territory. Lucius Junius Brutus and Collatinus were elected consuls, and Tarquin fled north and appealed to Etruria to restore him to his throne. After the subsequent suicide of Lucretia, her husband, Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus, and the Brutus family (to which Lucretia belonged) raised a rebellion. The romantic reason traditionally given for the deposition of Tarquin was the rape of Lucretia (see Lucrece) by his son Sextus Tarquinius. Despised by the people for his tyranny, he sought to win favor by successful wars but was deposed (510 BC) by the senate. Under his rule Etruscan influence was at its height, and the power of the monarchy was absolute. After a reign of 44 years, Tullius was murdered by Priscus' son Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (Tarquin the Proud), who thereupon seized the throne. Through the influence of Priscus' wife, Tanaquil, the plot was halted and the kingship passed to Servius Tullius, Priscus' son-in-law. After a reign of 38 years he was assassinated by the sons of Ancus Martius, who were involved in a patrician plot attempting to limit the kingship to a religious role only. During his reign Etruscan influences appeared in Roman politics, religion, and art. He is credited with the building of the first Circus Maximus and the Forum. Priscus fought successfully against the Sabines and subjugated all Latium to Rome. He rose to high position, and on the death of Ancus Martius (c.616 BC) he either seized the Roman throne or was elected to it by a coalition of Etruscan families. At her urging he went to Rome, became a citizen, and took the name Lucius Tarquinius Priscus. Lucumo married Tanaquil, a daughter of the Etruscan aristocracy and a prophetess of high repute. According to the historian Livy, when the rule of the Bacchiadae in Corinth was overthrown (c.657 BC) by the tyrant Cypselus, Demaratus, a Corinthian noble, migrated to Tarquinii, Etruria, where he married into one of the leading Etruscan families and had two sons, Aruns and Lucumo. Tarquin tär´kwĭn, in Roman tradition, an Etruscan family that ruled Rome.
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